An Assessment of the Economic Impact of Post-Harvest Losses on Nigerian Agriculture
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Background of the Study
Post-harvest losses refer to the reduction in quantity and quality of agricultural produce from harvest to consumption. In Nigeria, these losses significantly affect food security and economic performance, with estimates indicating substantial percentage losses annually. Between 2023 and 2025, initiatives have focused on improving storage, transportation, and processing techniques to reduce post-harvest losses (Ogunleye, 2023). The theoretical framework suggests that reducing these losses not only enhances food availability but also increases the income of farmers by ensuring a greater proportion of the produce reaches the market. Empirical studies from similar emerging economies reveal that improvements in post-harvest management can boost overall agricultural productivity and contribute to economic growth (Afolabi, 2024). However, despite technological advancements and government interventions, post-harvest losses in Nigeria remain high due to infrastructural deficits, limited access to modern storage facilities, and poor handling practices. This study examines the economic impact of post-harvest losses on Nigerian agriculture, analyzing how these losses affect market prices, farmer income, and overall food security. It also evaluates the effectiveness of current interventions and proposes recommendations for mitigating these losses.
Statement of the Problem
Post-harvest losses continue to be a major challenge in Nigerian agriculture, significantly reducing the quantity of produce available for consumption and sale (Ibrahim, 2024). The inefficiencies in storage, transportation, and processing contribute to substantial economic losses, affecting both farmer incomes and national food security. Despite investments in modern storage and cold chain facilities, many farmers still suffer from high levels of loss due to inadequate infrastructure and poor technical know-how. These challenges not only depress market prices but also reduce the competitiveness of Nigerian agricultural products in local and international markets. The study seeks to quantify the economic impact of post-harvest losses and identify the systemic and operational barriers that hinder effective post-harvest management, with the aim of recommending measures to reduce these losses and enhance economic returns.
Objectives of the Study
- To quantify the economic impact of post-harvest losses on Nigerian agriculture.
- To identify the main factors contributing to post-harvest losses.
- To propose interventions to reduce post-harvest losses and improve economic outcomes.
Research Questions
- What is the economic impact of post-harvest losses on agricultural output and farmer income in Nigeria?
- What are the key factors that contribute to post-harvest losses?
- Which measures can effectively reduce post-harvest losses in Nigerian agriculture?
Research Hypotheses
- H1: High post-harvest losses significantly reduce farmer incomes and overall agricultural productivity.
- H2: Inadequate storage and transportation facilities are major contributors to post-harvest losses.
- H3: Improved post-harvest management systems enhance economic returns and food security.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on the economic impact of post-harvest losses in Nigerian agriculture from 2023 to 2025, using production and market data, as well as farmer surveys. Limitations include regional differences in post-harvest practices and potential inaccuracies in loss estimation.
Definitions of Terms
– Post-Harvest Losses: The reduction in quality and quantity of agricultural produce after harvest.
– Economic Impact: The effect of post-harvest losses on income, market prices, and national productivity.
– Cold Chain: A temperature-controlled supply chain used to preserve perishable produce.
– Food Security: The condition in which all people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
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